Neurofeedback is a technology that was developed in the United States in the early 1960s through the research of Dr. Joe Kamiya (University of Chicago) and Dr. Barry Sterman (UCLA). The first experiments were done on cats in their laboratory. Using a reward system (feedback), they discovered that cats could modify their brain activity and increase their sensory motor rhythm (SMC) to obtain the reward.
Both later worked on a project for NASA to test the effects of exposure to lunar landing gear fuel. They used the cats from their laboratory again. In most cases, as toxic smoke levels increased, the cerebral instability of cats increased, leading to convulsions and even death. However, some of the cats seemed to be immune. The cats that were immune were the ones that had been used in the brain training experiment a few years earlier. The RMS training had given these cats resilient brains to resist toxic fumes. They then trained many astronauts with feedback parameters to improve the brain's adaptation to the external atmosphere. Even today, neurofeedback is still part of astronaut training. A little later, they used the feedback approach to reduce seizures in patients with epilepsy. 60% of his subjects reduced their seizures by 20 to 100% with lasting results over time.
In the 1970s, given the cultural movements of the time, neurofeedback moved away from medical vision, it became more holistic and acquired a dubious reputation as a tool for meditation and spiritual development. As these practices were generally applied by monks, yogis and healers, this approach was in opposition to the scientific beliefs of the time.
Thus, neurofeedback was ruled out by many researchers. Yet empirical research showed that neurofeedback was working and that it was not "phantasmagorical medicine". It was a method of change and hope for people. The research therefore continued.
In the 1980s, neurofeedback was applied to attention deficit disorders and in the 1990s to other psychological conditions and conditions related to central nervous system deregulation. For the past ten years, thanks to neuroscience, we now know that there is a correlation between the central nervous system, the immune system, emotions, physical and mental health. We also know that new neurons are created throughout life and that the brain can change at any age: this is called neuroplasticity.
"The brain can change physically, chemically and functionally. Stimulating these complex natural processes makes it possible to achieve a much greater change than with any drug. »
Dr. Michael Merzenich, neuroscientist.
For most doctors, neurofeedback is still unknown. However, brain wave monitoring is no longer at the experimental level. Many scientific studies have assessed how people's brains work in various states such as stress or mental difficulties. Thanks to advances in computer science and half a century of development of brain wave observation equipment, neurofeedback practitioners now have sophisticated and highly effective affordable precision tools.